U.+S.+Civil+War+Key+Events

SS8H6 The student will analyze the impact of the Civil War and Reconstruction on Georgia 
 * Social Studies (GPS), Grade 8, Historical Understandings **
 * b. State the importance of key events of the Civil War to include Antietam, Emancipation Proclamation, Gettysburg, Chickamauga, the Union blockade of Georgia's coast, Sherman's Atlanta Campaign, Sherman's March to the Sea, and Andersonville.
 * U. S. Civil War Key Events: **

Place: Maryland When: Sept. 17, 1862 Generals: CSA: Lee/USA: McClellan Winner: USA Important: Stopped the South form advancing into the North
 * 1. Antietam **

 **2. Emancipation Proclamation** during the Civil War using his war powers
 * An executive order issued by United States President, Abraham Lincoln, on January 1, 1863
 * It proclaimed the freedom of slaves in the ten states then in rebellion
 * The Proclamation immediately freed 50,000 slaves
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">It did not compensate the owners
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">It did not outlaw slavery
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">It did not make ex-slaves citizens
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">On September 22, 1862, President Lincoln announced that he would issue a formal emancipation of all slaves in any state of the Confederate States of America that did not return to Union control by January 1, 1863.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">None returned, the order was signed and issued January 1, 1863, took effect except in locations where the Union had already mostly regained control
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">The Proclamation made abolition a central goal of the war (in addition to reunion)

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Place: Pennsylvania <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">When: July 1-3, 1863 <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Generals: CSA: Lee/USA: Meade <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Winner: USA <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Important: Turning point of the War
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">3. Gettysburg **

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> **4. Chickamauga** <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Place: Chattanooga, Tennessee <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">When: Sept. 19-20, 1863 <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Generals: CSA: Bragg/USA: Grant <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Winner: USA <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Important: Open the Path to Atlanta

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> **5. Union blockade of Georgia's Coast**
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">President Abraham Lincoln proclaimed the blockade on April 19, 1861
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">His strategy, part of the Anaconda Plan, required the closure of 3,500 miles of Confederate coastline and twelve major ports
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">The Union Navy maintained a strenuous effort on the Atlantic and Gulf Coast of the CSA designed to prevent the passage of trade goods, supplies, and arms to and from the Confederacy
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">The Union commissioned 500 ships, which destroyed or captured about 1,500 blockade runners, ships that tried to evade the blockade, over the course of the war
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Blockade runners were mostly newly built high-speed ships with small cargo capacity
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Only five out of six attempts to evade the blockade were successful

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> **6. Sherman's Atlanta Campaign**
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Sherman’s army started off with 112,000 men
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Sherman’s immediate goal was to capture Atlanta
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">The Confederate General was Bragg with 60,000
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">During the summer the first battles were in Dalton, Resaca, and New Hope
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Johnson retreated but burned down bridges and blocked roads
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">This caused Sherman’s march to slow. Today a distance that takes 1 and ½ hours took four months to cover.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">In June, Sherman’s army attacked at Kennesaw Mt.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">The CSA actually won at Kennesaw Mt.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Jefferson Davis did not like Johnston’s tactics and wanted Sherman’s army attacked head-on
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Jefferson replaced Johnston with John B. Hood
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">In July, Hood fought against Sherman and lost 11,000 men in two days
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Atlanta was captured by USA on Sept. 2, 1864
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Atlanta was set on fire on Nov. 15

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> **7. Sherman's March to the Sea**
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">The strategy of “laying waste to the land” was in full force in GA by November 1864
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">On November 16th Sherman began the “March to the Sea”
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">During this march 60,000 soldiers cut a path 60 miles wide on a 300 mile trip from Atlanta to Savannah
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Savannah was captured on December 25, 1864
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">The lower South was cut off from the rest of the CSA (mini-Anaconda plan)
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Estimates of damages were said to be as high as 100 million

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> **8. Andersonville**
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Andersonville, or Camp Sumter, served as a Confederate prisoner-of-war camp
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">It was the largest of several military prisons established during the Civil War
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">The prison was built in 1864
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">A site was needed where the prisoners could be guarded by fewer men, there would be less chance of military raids to free them, and food would be more abundant
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">The first prisoners arrived on February 25, 1864 and, by August 1864, more than 32,000 prisoners were confined at Andersonville
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">The Confederate government was unable to provide adequate food, clothing, shelter, and medical care for the prisoners
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Andersonville prison had a high mortality rate
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">More than 45,000 Union soldiers were sent to Andersonville during the 14 months of the prison’s existence with 12,912 dying from disease, malnutrition, overcrowding, or exposure